Thirds to reinhold rudloff-grubs and rudloff-grubs



(NoModel.)

R P PICTET FRIGORIFIG APPARATUS.

Patented Nov. 26, 1889.,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RAOUL .PIERRE PICTET, or GENEVA, SWITZERLAND, AssIGNoE or Two- THIRDs rro REINI-IoLn RUnLoEE-eniis AND EUDLoEE-GRUBS a co., oE BERLIN, GERMANY.

FRIGORIFIC APPARATUS.

S1ECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 415,881, dated November 26,

Application filed April 15, 1889. Serial No. 307,287. (No model.) Patented in France February 26, 1889, No. 196,305 g in Belgium March 13,1889,No.85,364; in Luxemburg March 14,1889,N0. 1,105; in Spain May l, 1889, No. 9,454; in England May 1, 1889,1To. 7,267; in Switzerland May 4,1889, No. 823; in Brazil June 22,1889, No. 702; in Italy June 30, 1889,1Iu.

25,251, and in Germany September 7,1889,No.48,476.

T0 all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, RAOUL PIERRE PICTET, a citizen of Switzerland, residing at Geneva, in Switzerland, have invented certain new 5 and useful Improvements inFrigoriflc Apparatus, (for which I have obtained patents in France, No. 196,305, dated February 26, 1889; Belgium, No. 85,364, dated March 13, 1889; Spain, No. 9,454, dated May 1, 1889;

emburg, No. 1,105, dated March 14, 1889;

Italy, No. 25,251, dated June 30,1889; Brazil,

No. No.

702, dated June 22, 1889; Switzerland, 823, dated May 4, 1889; Germany, No.

tion art the such as will enable others skilled in the to which it appertains to make and use same.

This invention has reference to certain improvements in ice-machines, whether acting by compression or affinity.

The invention consists, mainly, in theinterposition between the condenser and refrigerator of an arrangement by means of which a material reduction of the temperat-ure of the volatile liquid as it reaches the refrigerator may be effected, and by which at the same time the work accomplished by the machine may be increased by utilizing the action of the volatile liquid as it passes from the liquefactor to the refrigerator.

IIeretofore in ice-machines of the character described the uis rica of the volatile liquid discharging into the refrigerator has never been utilized.

This liquid, whosetemperature in the condenser varies from -i 20O to +300 centigrade, is reduced at the point where it enters the refrigerator to from 10O centigrade to 20 centigrade; but it brings with ita quantity of heat extremely,detrimental uid.

This work depends upon the absolute If, there- The accompanying drawings represents an arrangement which I have adopted to carry this invention into effect, Figure 1 being a partial View, in elevation and vertical section, of an ice-machine modified in conformity with the invention; and Fig. 2, a plan view of the same.

In the arrangement shown in the drawings two chambers A and B are interposed between the refrigerator B and the compressor crabsorber, the pressures in these two chambers being unequal. tiple connection with the coils B at both ends of the latter, and hence it practically forms part of the refrigerator. ber A is a pipe I, which communicates directly with the compressor of the machine (if The chamber B has a mul- At the top of chamacts on the principle of compression) or with the absorber, (if it acts on the principle of affinity.) with the chamber A by the tube 1E, which carries off the vapors that may accumulate in chamber- The chamber B is connected It is at this point that is desired to reduce the pressure of the vapors and facilitate and increase the discharge of the same. by the action of the condensed liquid returning from the condenser to the refrigerator by pipe D,which is carrried inside pipe E. The volatile liquid discharges from pipe D with considerable violence, and therefore constitutes an ejector or exhauster, inducing the flow of vapors from chamber B into chamber' A, and consequently reducing the pressure in the former and increasing it in the latter. The liquid falls to the bottom of chamber A and passes through the orifice K into a U- shaped tube M, of which the member connected with chamber A is from one to two meters long. is connected at its upper end G with chamber B.

This is accomplished The other member of the tube The tube M should be of sufficient diameter to permit the normal circulation of the liquid.

The difference in level between the points G and F in the legs of tube M (indicated by the dotted line h) represents the effect of the ejector expressed in hydrostatic pressure, F being the level of the volatile liquid issuing from chamber A to be carried into chamber B. The difference of level, indicated by 7i, is automatically established and permits the constant circulation of the liquid from A to B without the pressures of the two chambers being equalized.

Other known or suitable means for securing th'ese conditions may be substituted for those shown and described, and the invention is not limited to the latter; but the bent tube has the advantage of being simple and convenient and is therefore preferred. It is obvious that the higher the temperature of the liquid coming from the condenser the greater will be its effect at the ejector or exhauster. In this manner an ordinary ice-machine may easily be modified so as to obtain at the refrigerator an effect almost independent of variationsl of temperature in the condenser.

The refrigerant in being converted into a liquid in the condenser or absorber has retained a certain quantity of heat, which increases the @is oit-a of the smallest particles or molecules of the liquid body, producing, as well understood, a tendency on the part of said particles to separate, or, in other words, a tendency to expansion of the body itself. The fuis @im of the particles of a body increases with the temperature, so that the greater the heat contained in the liquid the greater will be the effect produced at the ejector. When the liquid discharges at C, the pressure being much less than inthe con-v tracted pipe D, the molecules have an opportunity to expand, and the force of this eX- pansion (and consequently the effect upon the vapors in chamber B) depends upon the fuis viva of the particles of the liquid. Thus the @is @tva of said particles, in addition to the current force or momentum of the liquid as abody, which is also a factor in the result produced, is utilized to promote the flow of vapors from the refrigerator. Vhen this energy is thus expended, there is inconsequence a poportional reduction of the heat carried by the liquid, to the presence of which the said energy was due; but, further than this it is obvious that as the liquid discharges from the jet a small portion thereof will be instantly vaporized, owing to the sudden reduction of pressure, and such vaporization further reduces the temperature of the liquid refrigerant by absorbing its heat.

The advantages gained arer of two kinds: first, mechanical increase of the pressure in chamber A and the consequent reduction of pressure in chamber B, resulting in a proportionate increase in the efficiency of the machine, and, second, the diminution of the quantity of heat, which is detrimental to the operation of the machine. two effects produces an increase of about twenty per cent. in the work done 4by an icemachine, to which the invention is applied.

It is hardly necessary to state that the arrangement of the ejector may be varied without departing from the spirit of the invention. It may be of annular, cylindrical, oval, conical, or other known or suitable form, and the shape of the orificeE may also be modilied. The invention is not limited to these or other details of construction.

Having now fully described my said invention, what lclaim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In an ice-machine, the combination, with the refrigerator, of two chambers interposed between the refrigerator and the liquefying apparatus, said chambers forming part of the system of circulation to and from the refrigerator, so that both the liquefied refrigerant goingto the refrigerator and the gases escaping therefrom, pass through each of said chambers and means, such as an ejector, whereby the flow of the volatile liquid to the refrigerator is utilized to aid the escape of vapors therefrom, substantially as described.

2. In an icemachine, the combination, with the refrigerator adapted for the circulation of a volatile liquid and provided with an induction-pipe for said liquid and a pipe for the escape of the vapors, of an ejector or exhauster formed by said .vapor-pipe and by the return-pipe from the liquef ying apparatus, whereby the discharge of vapors from the refrigerator is aided and increased, substantially as described.

3. In an ice-machine, the combination of a chamber arranged to collect the vapors formed in the refrigerator, a second-chamber, a pipe carrying the vapors from the former to the latter, a smaller pipe arranged Within said vapor-pipe for discharging a jet of the liquefied freezing agent in the direction to aid the iioW of the vapors, and means, such as herein specified, for conveying the volatile liquidl from the second chamber into the refrigerator, substantially as described.,

4. The combination of the refrigeratorcoils, the low-pressure chamber to which said coils are connected at both ends, the highpressure chamber communicating with the condenser or absorber, a pipe for carrying vapors from the first chamber to the second, an ejector formed by said pipe and another pipe which returns the volatile liquid from the condenser or absorber, and a bent tube connecting the two chambers and conveying the volatile liquid to the low-pressure chamber for circulation in the refrigerator-coils, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

vRAOUL PIERRE PICTET. Witn esses:

G. DE MEsTRAL, B. J. PRESTON.

The sum of these IOO IIO 

